Kola Superdeep Borehole, commemorated on a 1987 stampThe main target depth was set at 15,000 m (49,000 ft). On 6 June 1979, the world depth record held by the hole in, Oklahoma, United States, at 9,583 m (31,440 ft) was broken.

In 1983, the drill passed 12,000 m (39,000 ft), and drilling was stopped for about a year for numerous scientific and celebratory visits to the site. This idle period may have contributed to a breakdown on 27 September 1984: after drilling to 12,066 m (39,587 ft), a 5,000 m (16,000 ft) section of the twisted off and was left in the hole. Drilling was later restarted from 7,000 m (23,000 ft).The hole reached 12,262 m (40,230 ft) in 1989.

In that year, the hole depth was expected to reach 13,500 m (44,300 ft) by the end of 1990 and 15,000 m (49,000 ft) by 1993. Because of higher-than-expected temperatures at this depth and location, 180 °C (356 °F) instead of the expected 100 °C (212 °F), drilling deeper was deemed unfeasible and the drilling was stopped in 1992. Research The Kola borehole penetrated about a third of the way through the, estimated to be around 35 kilometres (22 mi) deep, reaching rocks at the bottom.

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The project has been a site of extensive examinations. The stated areas of study were the deep structure of the Baltic Shield, discontinuities and the thermal regime in the Earth's crust, the physical and chemical composition of the deep crust and the transition from upper to lower crust, geophysics, and to create and develop technologies for deep geophysical study.To scientists, one of the more fascinating findings to emerge from this well is that no transition from to was found at the depth of about 7 km (4.3 mi), where the velocity of seismic waves has a discontinuity. Instead the change in the seismic wave velocity is caused by a transition in the granite rock.

In addition, the rock at that depth had been thoroughly fractured and was saturated with water, which was surprising. This water, unlike surface water, must have come from deep-crust minerals and had been unable to reach the surface because of a layer of rock.Microscopic plankton fossils were found 6 kilometers (4 mi) below the surface.Another unexpected discovery was a large quantity of gas. The that flowed out of the hole was described as 'boiling' with hydrogen. The borehole (welded shut), August 2012The project ended in 1995 due to the of the, and the site has since been abandoned. The ruins of the site, however, are frequently visited by curious sightseers. No one appears to know how the superstructure tower was destroyed between 2007 and 2012. Similar projects.

The United States had embarked on a similar project in 1957, dubbed, which was intended to penetrate the shallow crust under the Pacific Ocean off Mexico. After some initial drilling, the project was abandoned in 1966 because of a lack of funding. This program inspired the great successes of the, and the present. The KTB superdeep borehole (, 1987–1995) at in northern was drilled to a depth of 9,101 m (29,859 ft) reaching temperatures of more than 260 °C (500 °F).

Its ambitious measuring program used high-temperature logging tools that were upgraded specifically for KTB.Records The Kola Superdeep Borehole was the longest and deepest borehole in the world for nearly 20 years. In May 2008, a new record for borehole length was established by the well BD-04A, which was drilled by for in the in Qatar. Transocean drilled a total length of 12,289 m (40,318 ft), with a record horizontal reach of 10,902 m (35,768 ft) in only 36 days.On 28 January 2011, Exxon Neftegas Ltd., operator of the project, drilled the world's longest extended-reach well offshore on the Russian island of. It has surpassed the length of both the Al Shaheen well and the Kola borehole. The Odoptu OP-11 well reached a measured total length of 12,345 m (40,502 ft) and a horizontal displacement of 11,475 m (37,648 ft). Exxon Neftegas completed the well in 60 days.On 27 August 2012, Exxon Neftegas Ltd beat its own record by completing the Z-44 Chayvo well. This ERD well reached a measured total length of 12,376 metres (40,604 ft).In terms of depth below the surface, the Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3 retains the world record at 12,262 metres (40,230 ft) in 1989, and is still the on Earth.

See also. – Japanese scientific drilling ship, deep oceanic drilling ship, which achieved a drilling record in 2012., deepest natural point on land. – List of geographical locations that extend farther in one direction than any other location. – Wikipedia list article. – Boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle.

– Urban legend observed since 1995References.

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